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Charlotte Maxeke (1871-1939) known as “Mother of Black Freedom in Africa” was the first African woman to gradate from an American university and first South African woman to graduate from university. She rose to the fore of liberation politics involved in women’s right to vote, anti-Pass Laws, and multiracial movements. She was the founder of the Bantu Women’s League in 1918, which later became part of the African National Congress (ANC) Women’s League. She lived in Kliptown.
Steve Biko (1946-1977) was the founder of the Black Consciousness Movement that mobilized and empowered African urban populations against the racial constructs and erasures of apartheid. He was murdered in police custody.